Chlorine Bleach
The Effects of Chlorine Bleach on the Environment
by EMILY
BEACH
Overview
Manufacturers rely on chlorine bleach to
whiten paper pulp and other materials during the production process.
Chlorine
bleach also plays an important role in wastewater treatment, and is used in
many household cleaning products.
Unfortunately,
chlorine also poses a significant risk to the environment, and was even used as
a chemical weapon during World War I.
Many
countries have banned chlorine bleach or restricted its use in an effort to
protect the environment and human health.
Water Pollution
Manufacturers who use chlorine bleach often
release it into local water bodies along with other liquid industrial waste.
Once
it reaches the water, chlorine reacts with other minerals and elements to form
a host of dangerous toxins.
These
toxins, including dioxins, furams and PCDDs are often referred to as "persistent
organic pollutants" because they linger in the water or soil and take
many years to disappear.
Greenpeace
calls dioxin one of the most dangerous chemicals known to science, and warns
that it can contribute to cancer, endocrine disorders and other serious health
effects.
The
West Virginia University Extension also links chlorine-based compounds, like
dioxins, with low sperm count, testicular cancer and breast cancer due to their
ability to mimic human hormones.
Impact on Wildlife Populations
According to the
West Virginia University Extension, by-products from chlorine bleach pose a
significant risk to local wildlife populations, and have been linked to cancer
in laboratory animals.
Dioxins were responsible for the decimation of the bald
eagle population during the mid-20th century, and continue to reduce the number
of fish and bird species near the Great Lakes.
The World Wildlife Fund also warns that these
chlorine by-products can cause mutations, sterility and even extinction in
wildlife species.
One of the most significant problems with chlorine bleach is its persistence. Even low levels released into air and water supplies will accumulate over time, and may lead to long-term health concerns.
One of the most significant problems with chlorine bleach is its persistence. Even low levels released into air and water supplies will accumulate over time, and may lead to long-term health concerns.
West Virginia State University Extension points to
the dangers of bio-magnification.
First, microorganisms consume chlorine by-products
in soil or water.
These organisms serve as food for larger species,
and as you continue up the food chain, each species is subject to an
increasingly higher accumulation of toxins.
Air Pollution
Factories that
rely on chlorine bleach also emit toxins into the air during the ventilation
and exhaust processes.
Some chlorine and related by-products remain in the
air, where they contribute to air pollution.
According to the Reach for Unbleached Foundation,
these toxins can cause severe long- and short-term respiratory irritation upon
inhalation.
They may also contribute to problems with the
immune system, blood and heart.
Airborne chlorine bleach by-products eventually
reach Earth's atmosphere and the ozone layer.
According to Audubon Magazine, chlorine bleach is
linked to ozone depletion, which has far-reaching environmental effects in
terms of global warming.
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