Difference
Between Osmosis and Dialysis
by olivia
.
Osmosis versus Dialysis
Students of
science know about osmosis which is an important biological process going on
inside the cells of all plants and animals.
This is the process of passage of water through
a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area
of low water concentration.
Most people however, know the word reverse osmosis, courtesy of water
purification companies today.
There is another term, dialysis, which is a dread word for many, as it refers to the help
given to a patient who has suffered from renal failure, as his kidneys cannot
purify blood on their own.
Both being cleaning processes, it is
interesting to know what separates these two processes. This article attempts
to highlight the differences between osmosis and dialysis.
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis or
diffusion of water molecules across a selective semi- permeable membrane (cell
membrane is one such barrier) allows passage of water from an area of low
concentration of solute to an area of high concentration of solute.
This process is unique in the sense that this
barrier does not allow passage of larger molecules like starch and protein.
Thus osmosis involves passage of solvent from one side of the membrane to the
other side.
What is Dialysis?
On the other hand,
dialysis is the process of purification of blood by the kidneys where waste
material from blood is excreted from the kidneys thereby purifying the blood.
It is thus, a selective passage of solute.
Difference Between Osmosis and Dialysis
The concepts of
osmosis and dialysis find important applications in the field of waterpurification and medicine.
Osmosis tells us how a man who drinks salty
ocean water gets dehydrated and dies. The same concept applies to freshwater
fish when it is put in salty backwaters or in the ocean.
Water treatment plants and clinical analysis
and sterilization processes make use of osmosis to remove dissolved impurities
in water.
Dialysis is mostly used to provide help to
patients who suffer from kidney failure as their kidneys cannot perform blood
purification on their own. This is known as haemodialysis.
Blood from the arteries of the patient is
sent through a machine called hemodialyzer (artificial kidney) that removes
impurities and waste material from the blood. The blood is then sent back to
the arteries.
There is another process called peritoneal dialysis where the blood is
purified inside the body of the patient.
The machine that purifies blood makes use of
all three processes called diffusion, ultrafiltration and osmosis to
come up with purified blood.
Though dialysis is vital for patients
suffering from renal failure, it is an artificial process and only a substitute
for natural purification of blood by the kidneys.
Dialysis fails to produce a hormone for the
regulation of red blood cell production inside the body that takes place
naturally during blood purification by the kidneys.
Osmosis versus Dialysis In Brief:
• While
both osmosis and dialysis are purification processes, it is the solvent that
passes through the semi-permeable membrane in case of osmosis; it is solute
that passes through the membrane during dialysis.
• Osmosis is used in many fields of nutrition and
medicine, and for purification of water; whereas dialysis is mainly used to purify
the blood of the patients who suffer from renal failure.
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