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| Ozone Hole Over Antarctica |
Chemicals Delay Ozone Recovery
Unregulated Chemicals
Might Delay Ozone Recovery By Up To 30 Years
Alfredo
Carpineti
New research has discovered that
unregulated chemicals in the atmosphere could significantly delay the recovery
of the ozone layer.
According to a new paper, published in
Nature Communications, a chemical called dichloromethane could delay the
closing of the ozone hole by five to 30 years.
Long-lived chlorine-based chemicals known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were responsible for the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer.
The situation became critical over
Antarctica, with CFCs banned in 1987 with the introduction of the UN
Montreal Protocol.
Thanks to the ban, the ozone layer
began to heal, and it was estimated that it would completely recover sometime
between 2046 and 2057.
But the increase in short-lived
ozone-depleting substances like dichloromethane are pushing that date back.
"Dichloromethane is a man-made ozone-depleting
chemical that has a range of industrial applications," lead author Dr Ryan
Hossaini of Lancaster University said in a statement.
"Unlike CFCs and similar long-lived gases that are
responsible for most ozone depletion, dichloromethane has a short atmospheric
lifetime so has not been controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Despite
this, increased production has led to a rapid increase in its atmospheric concentration
over the past decade.”
Hossaini and his team estimate that
between 2000 and 2012, low-altitude concentrations of dichloromethane increased
by about 8 percent per year.
And if we take the atmosphere as a
whole, the concentration of this chemical has almost doubled between 2004 and
2014.
Every year, about 1 million metric tons
of dichloromethane are released.
"While ozone depletion from dichloromethane is
currently quite modest, it is uncertain how the amount of this gas in the
atmosphere will change in the future," said Hossaini.
"Our results show that continued sustained growth in
its concentration could substantially delay recovery of the ozone layer,
offsetting some of the future benefits of the Montreal Protocol."
Understanding the long-term impact of
these gasses can help scientists produce better models of the ozone
abundance in the atmosphere and how changes in distribution can impact the
wider climate of our planet.
"We should be mindful of the growing threat to
stratospheric ozone posed by dichloromethane and similar chemicals not controlled
by the Montreal Protocol," continued Dr Hossaini. "There is work to be done to better
understand and quantify their main sources to the atmosphere."
The ozone layer protects us and every
other living organism from the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the Sun.
Its recovery is incredibly important.
Alfredo Carpineti is
a certified doctor of the stars and a master of the quirky world of the
quantum. He's a self-confessed astroholic, so anything from galaxies to black
holes, from Pluto to pulsars, you should send his way. This Italian maestro is
such a huge fan of physics that the "sound" of the detection of
gravitational waves is actually his ringtone.
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